Cultural Diplomacy: How Music and Literature Promote U.S. Interests Abroad

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The United States wields not only economic and military power but also cultural influence. Through the strategic use of its rich literary and musical heritage, the U.S. engages in what is often termed "cultural diplomacy." In fact, a colleague and I recently wrote an article Inkstick on this topic. You can read that here. But this practice involves promoting American cultural products, such as jazz music and literary classics, to foster mutual understanding and strengthen diplomatic ties. Today I further explore the role of American music and literature in promoting U.S. interests abroad, highlighting key initiatives and their impacts on global diplomacy.

Jazz as a Tool of Diplomacy
The use of jazz music in American foreign policy serves as a poignant example of cultural diplomacy. Initiated during the Cold War, the "Jazz Ambassadors" program sent prominent musicians like Duke Ellington, Louis Armstrong, and Dizzy Gillespie around the world to perform. These tours were not merely musical performances but strategic efforts to counter Soviet propaganda about racial inequality in the U.S. and to forge cultural connections. In countries like Poland and Egypt, jazz became a symbol of freedom and creativity, aligning local interests with American values of freedom and expression. While racial inequality absolutely was--and continues to be--part of this country's fabric, the use of these special ambassadors led to spreading a distinctly American art form across the globe.

Literature on the Global Stage
American literature, with its diverse voices and narratives, also plays a significant role in cultural diplomacy. Authors such as Ernest Hemingway and Mark Twain are not just canonical figures in the West; they serve as bridges to understanding American culture and democracy. Programs like the U.S. State Department’s "Books in Translation" initiative have helped translate and distribute American literary works worldwide. These books provide insights into the American experience, offering a multifaceted view of the nation's social, political, and cultural landscapes.

Impact and Effectiveness
The cumulative effects of these cultural endeavors often transcends immediate political conflicts, fostering long-term goodwill and understanding. For instance, the American Corners program, which establishes U.S.-branded cultural spaces in foreign libraries, offers access to American books and music, hosting discussions and cultural exchanges that draw local communities closer to American cultural norms and values.

Case Study: The Thelonious Monk Institute of Jazz
An exemplary case of the ongoing influence of cultural diplomacy is the Thelonious Monk Institute of Jazz (now known as the Herbie Hancock Institute of Jazz). By promoting jazz education globally, the institute not only preserves and spreads an important American art but also fosters international artists who can relate to American culture and values through music.

Conclusion
Cultural diplomacy, through the mediums of literature and music, offers a subtle yet powerful tool for the United States to promote its interests abroad without the backlash often associated with more direct political or military interventions. By sharing its cultural treasures, the United States builds bridges that can withstand the pressures of changing administrations and shifting geopolitical landscapes. As global dynamics evolve, the strategic use of culture remains a vital aspect of diplomacy, echoing the universal languages of music and storytelling to connect people and nations.

Invitation for Engagement
How do you see the role of culture in international relations? Can music and literature genuinely affect diplomatic relationships, or are they just soft powers with limited real-world impact? Share your thoughts and experiences.